Section D (4-Mark)

Long Answer Questions for the 2026 GSEB Board Exam

Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts

7 Questions
1.
Bleaching Powder:
Explain the preparation of Bleaching Powder with balanced chemical equations. List its three important uses.
2.
Non-Acidic Hydrogen Compounds:
Compounds like alcohol and glucose contain hydrogen but are not acids. Describe an activity (with diagram) to prove this.
3.
Zinc + Acid Experiment:
Describe the experiment showing the reaction of granulated zinc with dilute sulphuric acid (include labeled diagram). Also write the equation for the reaction of zinc with sodium hydroxide.
4.
pH Scale & Digestion:
Provide information on the pH scale. Explain the importance of pH in the human digestive system with examples.
5.
Baking Soda:
Write the preparation of Baking Soda (Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate) and list four of its uses.
6.
Sodium Carbonate + HCl:
Describe the experiment showing the reaction of sodium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid (include labeled diagram).
7.
Application-Based: Answer the following:
(a) Importance of pH in soil for crop growth.
(b) Importance of pH in treating the effect of a honeybee sting.

Chapter 4: Carbon and its Compounds

6 Questions
1.
Structural Isomers & Addition:
(a) What are structural isomers? Draw the structural isomers of Butane (C₄H₁₀).
(b) What is an addition reaction? Explain with a suitable example (e.g., ethene + H₂).
2.
Functional Groups:
What is a functional group? State the name, general formula, and one example compound for any three functional groups (e.g., alcohol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde).
3.
Esterification & Cyclopentane:
(a) Describe the esterification reaction with a balanced chemical equation.
(b) Give the molecular formula of Cyclopentane and draw its electron dot structure.
4.
Covalent Bond:
What is a covalent bond? Explain the covalent bonding in methane (CH₄) and nitrogen (N₂) molecules using electron dot diagrams.
5.
Comparisons:
Give differences between:
(a) Soap and Detergent
(b) Saturated and Unsaturated hydrocarbons
6.
Oxidation of Ethanol:
Explain the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid. Write two physical properties and three uses of ethanol.

Chapter 5: Life Processes

7 Questions
1.
Digestive System:
Draw a labeled diagram of the human digestive system. Describe the digestion process in the small intestine (role of bile, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice).
2.
Excretion:
What is excretion? Draw a labeled diagram of the human excretory system and describe the structure and function of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
3.
Circulation:
Draw a labeled diagram showing the internal structure of the human heart. Explain the transport of blood (pulmonary & systemic circulation) with flow direction.
4.
Digestive Juices:
Explain the roles of saliva, bile juice, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice in human digestion.
5.
Respiratory System:
Explain the human respiratory system and describe the mechanism of breathing (inhalation & exhalation) with diaphragm movement.
6.
Gastric Juice:
(a) What is the role of dilute hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
(b) What are the functions of mucus and pepsin in gastric juice?
7.
Transport & Nutrition:
(a) Name the components of the transport system in highly evolved plants and write their functions.
(b) What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

Chapter 10: Human Eye and Colorful World

6 Questions
1.
Hypermetropia:
What is Far-sightedness (Hypermetropia)? State its causes and explain how it can be corrected using a convex lens with a proper ray diagram.
2.
Myopia Case:
A student sitting on the last bench has trouble reading the blackboard. Which eye defect is he suffering from? Explain its correction with a ray diagram.
3.
Atmospheric Optics:
(a) Explain the reasons for early sunrise and delayed sunset.
(b) What is scattering of light? On what factors does it depend?
4.
Rainbow Formation:
Explain the formation of a rainbow in the sky with a labeled diagram (show dispersion, refraction, and internal reflection in droplets).
5.
Dispersion:
What is dispersion of light? Describe the phenomenon of dispersion of light through a glass prism with a labeled diagram.
6.
Sky & Stars:
(a) Why is the color of the clear sky blue?
(b) Explain why stars twinkle but planets do not.

Chapter 12: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

6 Questions
1.
Magnetic Field Lines:
What are magnetic field lines? Draw field lines around a bar magnet and list their five properties.
2.
Solenoid:
What is a solenoid? Describe the characteristics of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid with a labeled diagram.
3.
Domestic Circuit:
Explain the domestic electric circuit with a labeled diagram (include live, neutral, earth wires, fuse, MCB, sockets, bulbs).
4.
Fuse & Safety:
(a) What is an electric fuse and how does it function?
(b) State three precautions to be taken while using electricity at home.
5.
Short-Circuit & Earthing:
(a) Briefly explain short-circuiting and overloading.
(b) What is the function of an earth wire? Why should metal appliances be earthed?
6.
Electromagnet:
(a) What is an electromagnet and on what principle does it work?
(b) Draw the magnetic field lines around a bar magnet (reinforce concept).

Chapter 13: Our Environment

6 Questions
1.
Ozone & Biomagnification:
(a) How is ozone formed? Explain with a balanced equation.
(b) Briefly explain biological magnification with an example (e.g., DDT in food chain).
2.
Ecosystem:
What is an ecosystem? State the biotic and abiotic components with examples.
3.
Scientific Reasons: Give scientific reasons:
(a) Energy flow in an ecosystem is always unidirectional.
(b) CFC is the main compound responsible for ozone layer depletion.
4.
Ozone Hole & Food Web:
(a) What is the ozone hole? Which compounds are responsible for ozone depletion?
(b) What is a food web? Explain briefly with a diagrammatic example.
5.
Waste & Ozone Concern:
(a) What problems can be caused by non-biodegradable waste we produce?
(b) Why is ozone layer depletion a cause for concern?
6.
Trophic Levels & Decomposers:
(a) What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food chain and state its trophic levels.
(b) What are decomposers? State their role in the ecosystem.

Prepared for GSEB Class 10 Science Board Exam 2026 | Section D – 4-Mark Long Answer Questions

💡 Tip: Star-marked (★) questions are high-yield & frequently asked in board exams!